在進入正題前,我們首先要對「觀光旅遊」英語有一個基本認知: 和 「新聞」, 「商務」 等其他英語一樣,它們都是使用同樣26個字母,遵循同樣文法規則, 發音讀法一樣,拼字句型如一, 若有不同,只不過是在字義上(例一:“security”, 安全, “securities”,期貨) 或類型上,(例二: “How are you?” (正式), “How’s going?” (半正式), “What’s new?” 或 “What’s happening?” (非正式), 因領域範圍功能等因素不同而有所差異。所以「如何學」? 就如在學校內學習任何科目一般: 多讀,多聽, 多背,和多用,自然而然就可熟能生巧!

除了上述認知外,我們還要有一個正確觀念,那就是能在「語文」 和「語言」之間做區分。「語言」旨在溝通,所以流利(fluency)與否成為衡量基準;所以精准(accuracy) 則成為評鑒依歸。若就四技來分隔,「聽」 與 「說」應屬前者表現; 「讀」 與 「寫」則是後者重心。但上述區隔絕不代表絕對地分割;能使用語言少不了語文基礎,能欣賞語文又少不得對語言精練使用。所以「如何學」? 答案: 就如同在學校內修習任何科目一樣:多讀,多聽,多背,多用,自然而然就可熟能生巧!

現在言歸正傳,譬如說王小明想利用暑期到美國旅遊進修,那王小明在心理上該有甚麼準備而在實際上又該有那些作法?
1.        Getting Ready! (工欲善其事,必先利其器)
applying for a valid passport(申請有效護照),visa to the U.S.(美簽), booking/reserving airline ticket through travel agency/on Internet (透過旅行社或泡網預訂機票),vaccination (檢疫),money exchange (兌換外幣),packing (行李打包) 等基本準備。
2.        Welcome to the U. S. A. (入境)
arriving at the airport (到達),filling out immigration for(I-94) (填寫移民局表格), going through customs (海關申報),asking for directions (搞清東南西北),making connecting flights (轉機) 等流程。
3.        Communicating by computer, phone, and mail. (連系)
Using Blackberry (機場無線泡網),pay phone (公共電話),mail services (郵政服務),talking to the operator (電話對答),taking and leaving messages (受話留言), sending and picking up mails, telegrams and messages (寄發收取郵件消息) 等運作。
4.        Getting around (行無礙)
riding public transportation in the city (市內大眾運輸工具),renting a car: asking for and giving detailed information on fees, insurance and maintenance (租車自由行), reading schedules (看懂時刻表), getting from city to city by bus, train, car and plane (跨市越州旅行)。
5.        Places to stay (居不易)
finding a room for the night (打尖住宿),having things for you (旅館住處內各種設施服務),taking care of your clothes (自住洗衣或外送),finding what’s nearby (認識周遭環境)。
6.        Handling your money(金錢處理)
banking services, cash, credit card and traveler check (金融服務,現金,信用卡,和旅行支票),having money wired (匯款),going shopping (血拼)。
7.        Getting something to eat(食為先)
finding restaurants you like(遍嘗美食),reading the menu and ordering (點餐),asking about and describing food (餐飲查詢),trying to cook on your own (君子近庖廚)。
8.        In case you get sick(天有不測風雲:衛生保健)
seeing doctors (看診),making appointment (預約),asking and talking about your health (說明身體狀況),describing your symptoms (病況說明),getting medicines and prescriptions you need (購藥與處方簽)。
9.        Enjoy your free time (快樂逍遙遊)。
using newspapers and magazines to find out what’s happening 娛樂活動藝文資訊), reading ads and posters about different events (海報文宣)。
10.    Being a welcome guest (做客之道)
Staying at someone’s house(借宿),agreeing to/turning down your host’s suggestions/offers or getting out something politely (同意或婉拒之道),being invited to parties (應邀赴宴), arranging to get together again (後會有期)。

就像任何表達一樣,觀光英語的使用也不外乎「人」,「事」,「時」「地」,和「物」。當然,別忘了還有「如何」。例如:
人:Who is going to the States with you?
       Whose bags are those?
       Whom are you going to visit while you are in the States?
事:What’s the purpose of your visit here?
                     What are you going to do when you are here?
                     What are the Dos and Don’ts(該做及不該做)while one visits a
      foreign  country?
時:When will the plane take off?
        When will we arrive?
        When is the connecting flight?
地:Where is the bus terminal?
        Where can I find the nearest convenience store?
        Where is the souvenir shop located?
物:What’s the thing crawling over there?
        Which would you prefer? Chicken or beef?
        What is the drink made of/with?
如何:How far is the train station from here?
            How can I get to the Metropolitan Museum?
           Why is that he could play it twice and only once for me?

有了以上的認識,把這些觀念融入從小學到大的基本句型中。例如:
說明句:I am going there with my friends.
              I want to visit some relatives, and friends as well if I have time.
              I have been dreaming of going to the States since I was a kid.
疑問句:How much is that red sweater?
                           Do I have to get a valid passport before I can apply for the visa to
the U.S.?
               Is there any place you would recommend that’s worthy of visiting?
否定句:I don’t think that’s such a good idea to go there alone.
               We have decided not to spend the rest of our trip shopping.
                             I would rather go somewhere else instead of /than just staying
in the   hotel.
命令句:Don’t do anything local people won’t/Do in Rome as Romans do!
                            Leave it there! The janitor will take care of it.
Watch out! You are too close to the cliff!
驚歎句:What a magnificent view!
                What a sight for sore eyes!
                What a bargain!

除了上述這些「耳熟能詳」的句型外,別忘了其他的句子結構:
1 主詞+完全不及物動詞:
  Plane flies high in the sky.
  People laugh happily around the pool.
  Stores usually close at 6 pm on weekdays.
2 主詞+不完全不及物動詞+主詞補語:
  The trip was great!
  The food is excellent!
  The price is just about what I can afford.
3 主詞+完成及物動詞+受詞:
  I bought this blouse at the Macy’s.
  I had the Persian food for the first time last night.
  We went to the Disneyland yesterday and had a wonderful time there.
4 主詞+不完全及物動詞+受詞+受詞補語:
   I found the whole trip interesting.
   I ran into Ms. Wang who is my math teacher in the States.
   I saw the bag that I have been wanted for a long time in the mall yesterday.
5 主詞+授與動詞+間接受詞+直接受詞:
                   I want to buy my family some souvenirs. I want to buy some souvenirs for my family.
                   They want to give the guide a big tip./ They want to give a big tip to the guide.
                   We asked the receptionist places to visit before we left the hotel.
                6.主詞+授與動詞+間接受詞+直接受詞:
                    I want to buy my family some souvenirs./ I want to buy some  souvenirs for
                   my family.
They want to give the guide a big tip./ They want to give a big tip  to the guide.
We asked the receptionist places to visit before we left the hotel.

至於字彙片語,我不相信有任何一本涉及觀光旅遊的工具書能夠把所有的內容都包含在內;英語實力的增進是日積月累的結果,速成班或雙語手冊只能應急但絕非正確的方法。當然,基本的字彙片語一定要能掌握。例如:

準備出發:
peak/high season(旺季),off/slow season(淡季),book/reserve(預約),tour package(套裝旅遊),paper work(文檔),passport(護照),apply(申請),visa(簽證),certificate of employment(工作證明),financial statement(財力證明),AIT, American Institute, Taiwan(美國在台協會),purpose(目的),staff(工作人員),office clerk(職員),itinerary(行程),sightseeing(觀光),cultural shock(文化衝擊),guidebook(旅遊指南),travel agent/agency(旅行社職員;旅行社),one-way ticket(單程機票),round-trip ticket(來回機票),direct flight(直飛班機),discount(折扣),internet(信息網),web page(網頁),web site(網站),valid(有效的),budget(預算),insurance(保險),pamphlet(文宣傳單),brochure(小冊子),flight attendant(空服員),reasonable(合理的),hotel chain(連鎖旅館),check-list(列表),organizer(筆記本),money belt(秘密錢袋),(photo)copy(影本),stash(藏塞),carry-on bag(隨身行李),check-in bag(寄運行李),expiry date(到期日)。

食:
shopping list(購物列表),snack(零食),produce(農產品),organic(有機的),yummy(好吃的),GMF(Genetic Modified Food;基因改造食品),calorie(卡路里),coupon(折價卷),grocery(雜貨),label(標籤),cash or charge(現金或記帳),dairy product(奶類製品),super market(超級市場),food mart(食物商場),convenience store(便利商品),mom-and-pop store(街坊小鋪),waiter/waitress(男/女服務生),order(點餐),house wine(例酒/招牌酒),roast(烤),grill(炙),allergic to(對、、敏感),bite(吃;當名詞用:to grab a bite),brunch(早午餐;breakfast+lunch),caffeine(咖啡因),de-cafe(無咖啡因),combo(套餐;combination),deli(熟食店;delicatessen),dressing(沙拉醬),dipping(沾醬),stuffing(填充物),topping(澆汁,澆醬),hors d’oeuvres(開胃菜),hostess(餐廳領班),junk food(垃圾食品,泛指高熱量),recipe(食譜)。

衣:
ad(廣告;advertisement),shopping mall(購物中心),outlet(物流或暢貨中心),menswear/womenswear/childreswear (男/女/童裝部),sportswear(運動衣),footwear(鞋部),luxuries(精品),formal(正式),casual(一般),XL(加大;extra large),M(中號;medium),S(小號;small),XS/petite(超小號;袖珍),price tag(標籤價),fade(退色),shrink(縮水),10% off(九折),shirt(裙),dress(洋裝),pants(長褲),suit(西裝;套裝),dress shirt(搭配西裝的襯衫),blouse(女性襯衫),apparel(服裝配飾),fitting room(試衣間),alternate(更改),gift-wrapping(禮品包裝),exchange(以物易物),refund(退貨換錢),invoice(發票),receipt(收據)。

住:
accommodate(留宿),B&B(民宿;bed & breakfast),hotel(旅館),motel(汽車旅館),lodge(旅店),room and board(膳宿),hostel(青年旅館),camp(宿營;營區),single/single bed(單人房;單人床),double/double bed(雙人房;雙人床),suite(套房),twin bed(較標準雙人床大些的床),queen-size bed(大床),king-size bed(加大床),facilities(設施),equipment(設備),kitchenette(附設小廚房),laundry(洗衣店),laundromat(自助洗),cafeteria(自助式餐廳),banquet hall(宴會廳),lounge(酒吧),business center(商務中心),receptionist (接待人員),check-in/out counter(住房/退房櫃檯),cashier(出納),house-keeping(房間整理),room service(客房服務),wake-up service(叫起床),service change(服務費),lobby(大廳)vacancy(有空房間),Jacuzzi(按摩浴缸),whirlpool(漩渦式浴缸)

行:
shuttle bus(接駁公車),door-to-door pick-up service(到府接送),bus stop(路邊巴士站),bus terminal/depot(巴士總站),cab/taxi/cabbie(計程車),meter rate(照表收費),flat rate(不二價),car rental(租車公司),international driver’s license(國際駕照),daily/weekly/monthly rate(日/周/月租),weekly/monthly pass(周/月月票),bus/boat/airplane fare(巴士/船/機票費),fee(費用;用在使用某種設備或服務時),timetable(時間表),rest stop(休息站),subway(地下鐵),token(進出車站的代幣)。

育樂:
classified ads(分類廣告),billboard(廣告看板),box office(賣票處),cable TV(有線電視),prime time(黃金時段),soap opera(午間連續劇),theater(戲院),movie theater/cinema(電影院),concert hall(音樂廳),sports events(體育活動),football stadium(足球場),volleyball/basketball court(排/籃球場),gym(體育館),fitness center(健身房),pump iron(健身),comedy(喜劇),melo-drama(戲劇),thrill/horror(驚悚恐怖),musical(音樂),suspense(懸疑),R&R(搖滾樂;Rock & Roll),R&B(節奏藍調;Rhythm & Blue),classical music(古典音樂),rap(饒舌歌)
arrow
arrow
    全站熱搜

    Ben 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣()